上学期高一年级英语期中试题

　　tour of Europe, where Faraday met some of the most famous scientist ay. Thanks to his work with Davy, Faraday gained a complete scientific education. He soon began to do research and experiments with electricity. He constructed two machines to create electromagnetic rotation (电磁旋转)，the force used to power electric motors. Apart from helping Davy mostly, Faraday began to appear on his own as a chemist and scientist of great importance. He began to give frequent lectures. Soon he was accepted as a jpgted lecturer and published many research papers.

　　When Davy retired in 1827, Faraday took his place as the head of the chemistry department of the Royal Institute. Upon accepting the position he could focus on his own research, and Faraday’s best-known work began in the 1830s.

　　In 1831，he discovered electromagnetic induction (感应). And for the next eight years Faraday worked long hours in the laboratory, which did harm to his health. By the end of the decade he was in such poor health that his research did not begin again until 1845.

　　In the mid-1850s，as Faraday gradually lost the ability to take care of himself, he was forced to retire from his scientific studies. Queen Victoria offered him Faraday knighthood (爵士封号)，but he refused it He lived at Hampton Court, which Queen Victoria offered him, until his death on August 25,1867.

　　59.The text is mainly developed by .

　　A. giving examples B. analyzing causes

　　C.making comparisons D. following the time order

　　50. Faraday offered to be Davy’s helper because he wanted to

　　A.meet other famous scientists B.travel all over the world

　　C.leara more about science D.get more chances to give lectures

　　61.Which of the following can best describe Faraday?

　　A.Generous and kind. B. Serious and honest

　　C.Hardworking and jpgted. D. Warmhearted and tolerant

　　62. What can we learn from Faraday's story?

　　A. Talent is a must. B. Poverty is an advanlage.

　　C. good education is important. D. Continuous efforts arc the key to success.

　　C

　　People from Britain and Ireland first came to live in Australia in 1788. They brought different dialects (方言)of English with them. These diffirent kinds of English began to mix and change. The newcomers soon began to speak with their own typical accent and vocabulary. More and more people came to Australia during the Gold Rush in the 19th and 20th centuries. Some came from Britain and Ireland; others came from non-English speaking countries, Australian English continued to grow and change.

　　Australian English has also been influenced by American English. During the Second World War, there were many American soldiers staying in Australia. More importantly, American television shows and music have been popular in Australia since the 1950s.

　　Australians use many words that other English speakers do not use. The famous Australian greeting, for example, is G’day! A native forest is called the bush and central Australia is called the outback. Many words were brought to Australia from Britain and Ireland. For example, mate means “friend”，and it is still used in Britain, Some of these words have changed in meaning. Some words have come from Australian original languages, many of which are names for animals, plants and places, like dingo and kangaroo.

　　Australian spelling comes from British spelling. In words like organise and realise, -ise is the expected and taught spelling method- In words like colour, favourite, -our is the normal, but nouns such as the Labor Party and Victor Harbor are spelled with -or. Program, on the other hand, is more common than programme.

　　There are also differences in the definition (定义)of words Australians use in different parts of the country. For example, football means “rugby” in New South Wales and Queensland, but “Australian rules football” in everywhere else in Australia. In New South Wales，a swimming costume is called a cossie or swimmers, while in Queensland it is called togs and bathers in Victoria.

　　63.When did American English begin to have a great influence on Australian English?

　　A. Inl788. B. In the 1950s.

　　C. During World War II. D. During the Gold Rush.

　　64.According to the passage, which of the following is spoken only by Australians?

　　A.Outback. B. Mate.

　　C.Program. D. Rugby.

　　65.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?

　　A. Australians arc fond of sports and games.

　　B. There are different expressions about sports in Australia.

　　C. Australian rules football is the most popular sport in Australia.

　　D. The same word might have different meanings in different parts of Australia.

　　66. What might be the best title for the text?

　　A. The History of Australia.

　　B. The Birth of Australian English.

　　C. The Development of Australian English,

　　D. Different Kinds of English Across the World.

　　D

　　Next time you raise an eyebrow at the views of your partner, friend, brother, sister or colleague, remember they could be helping to make you smarter. New research shows that intelligence (智力)is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers. The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18.

　　Scientific consensus (共识)suggests intelligence is controlled by genes, with environmental factors (因素)such as schooling and nutrition playing a part up to this age. After this point, IQ scores remain unchanged. But James Flynn, professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation (刺激)from other people is important as the “brain seems to be rather like a muscle — the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. So people who share a home or workplace with the intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ levels nosedive as a result.

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